This enduring webcast addresses the autoimmune pathogenesis of gMG and the integration of targeted immune-mediated therapies. The activity will focus on: Autoimmune pathogenesis of gMG – Autoimmune pathology in gMG disease subtypes is governed by divergent mechanisms of immunopathology Anti-AChR autoantibodies – ~85% of gMG cases Anti-MuSK autoantibodies 5-10% of gMG cases Anti-LRP4 antibodies Anti-agrin autoantibodies Seronegative gMG Etiology and Classification – gMG occurs in genetically susceptible individuals, and precipitating factors include infections, immunization, surgeries, and drugs. Early-onset gMG: Age at onset less than 50 years with thymic hyperplasia Late-onset gMG: Age at onset greater than 50 years with thymic atrophy Thymoma-associated gMG The gMG with anti-MuSK antibodies Ocular gMG: Symptoms only from periocular muscles The gMG with no detectable AChR and MuSK antibodies Pathophysiology – The pathophysiologic mechanisms in gMG depend on the type of antibodies present. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (n-AChR) gMG Muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) gMG Lipoprotein-related protein 4 (LPR4) gMG Clinical classification of gMG The Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) clinical classification divides gMG into 5 main classes based on the clinical features and the disease severity. Evaluation – The diagnosis of gMG is primarily clinical. Laboratory investigations and procedures usually aid clinicians in confirming clinical findings. Serologic Tests Electrophysiologic Tests Repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) test Single-fiber electromyography (SFEMG) test Edrophonium (Tensilon) test Ice-pack test Imaging: Chest computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Treatment/Management of gMG Symptomatic treatment Immunosuppressive treatment Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG)/plasmapheresis Thymectomy Target-specific Therapies FDA-approved treatments for gMG include: FcRn Inhibitors – Efgartigimod, Rozanolixizumab Complement System Inhibitors – Eculizumab, Zilucoplan, and Ravulizumab Ongoing clinical trials Nipocalimab The mAb targeting FcRn Batoclimab The mAb targeting FcRn
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