In this lecture, we will talk about the presentation to a range of personality disorders. A person with a personality disorder will think differently, Feel differently behave differently or relates to others very differently from the average person. The DSM-V states there are several different types of personality disorder, split into 3 clusters: Cluster A: Peculiar thought processes, inappropriate affect – remember them as WEIRD Cluster B: Mood lability, dissociative symptoms, preoccupation with rejection remember them as WILD Cluster C: Anxiety, preoccupation with criticism or rigidity remember them as WORRIED Causes It's not clear exactly what causes personality disorders, but they're thought to result from a combination of the genes a person inherits and early environmental influences – for example, a distressing childhood experience (such as abuse or neglect). Prevalence: All are relatively common. More males have antisocial and narcissistic PDs More females have borderline and histrionic PDs. Onset: Usually not diagnosed until late adolescence or early adulthood Course. Usually very chronic over decades without treatment. Symptoms of paranoid, schizoid, and narcissistic PD often worsen with age; symptoms of antisocial and borderline PD often ameliorate. Key Symptoms. A long pattern of difficult interpersonal relationships, problems adapting to stress, failure to achieve goals, chronic unhappiness, low self-esteem Personality disorders are usually associated with mood disorders. Treatment: Psychotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. Intensive and long-term psychodynamic and cognitive therapy are treatments of choice for most PDs. Use of mood stabilizers and antidepressants is sometimes useful for Cluster B PDs. Differential Diagnosis: Major rule-outs are mood disorders, personality change due to a general medical condition, and adjustment disorders.
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