Dry eye syndrome (DES), also referred to as dry eye disease (DED) or keratoconjunctivitis sicca (KCS), encompasses multifactorial ocular surface pathology causing discomfort and visual disturbances. Understanding the complexity of tear film composition and dysfunction is pivotal in assessing patients presenting with dry eyes. This activity delves into the tear film’s structure, comprising lipid, aqueous, and mucin layers, impacting tear stability and ocular surface health. It navigates the nomenclature nuances, differentiating between DES and DED, acknowledging their broader clinical implications and comprehensive categorizations according to the 2017 Tear Film and Ocular Surface Society Dry Eye Workshop II report. Emphasizing the importance of an interprofessional approach, this session highlights the roles of various specialists, including ophthalmologists, optometrists, and researchers, in diagnosing and managing dry eyes. Diagnostic methods encompass ocular examinations, tear film assessment, and symptom evaluation to determine suitable treatments, ranging from lubricating eye drops to antiinflammatory agents or surgical interventions based on underlying causes and disease severity. With evolving research, this activity underscores the shift towards a more intricate understanding of DED, focusing on inflammation, meibomian gland dysfunction, and environmental influences, aiming to refine patient care strategies for improved outcomes in this prevalent ocular condition.
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