Acetazolamide
Headache
Papilledema
Sinus Thrombosis, Intracranial
Tomography, Optical Coherence

Papilledema

Papilledema is characterized by swelling of the optic disc resulting from elevated intracranial pressure (ICP), which can arise from multiple causes. This finding must be distinguished from optic disc edema, a broader category encompassing disc swelling from local or systemic etiologies unrelated to ICP. Papilledema typically presents bilaterally but may be asymmetric or, rarely, unilateral. Common risk factors include obesity, female sex, and conditions predisposing to increased ICP, such as brain tumors, cerebrospinal fluid obstruction, venous sinus thrombosis, meningitis, and idiopathic intracranial hypertension. ICP elevation transmits along the subarachnoid space surrounding the optic nerve, causing axoplasmic flow stasis, optic nerve fiber swelling, and eventual nerve fiber layer loss. Patients often present with headaches, transient visual obscurations, or blurred vision. Diagnosis relies on fundoscopic examination, optical coherence tomography, visual field testing, and neuroimaging to identify underlying causes. Management focuses on treating the source of ICP elevation and, when indicated, lowering ICP with medications such as acetazolamide or surgical interventions. Chronic, untreated papilledema may result in irreversible optic nerve damage and permanent visual loss. This activity for healthcare professionals is designed to enhance learners’ competence in evaluating and managing papilledema. Participants will gain deeper insights into the condition’s etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical presentation. Best diagnostic and therapeutic practices will be highlighted. Improved skills will empower clinicians to collaborate within interprofessional teams caring for affected individuals.

Credit & MOC Details

Credit information is provided by the course provider. We recommend confirming credit eligibility with the provider or your licensing board before starting the activity.