Sinus squeeze, also called barosinusitis or aerosinusitis, results from the failure to equalize intrasinus pressure with ambient environmental pressure. This condition occurs during rapid altitude changes, such as scuba diving, flights, or hyperbaric treatments. The mucosal lining within the paranasal sinuses becomes irritated, leading to symptoms that include facial pain, headache, epistaxis, lacrimation, and rhinorrhea. Pain remains the most frequent symptom, with the frontal sinuses most often affected. Referred tooth pain can develop when the maxillary sinuses are involved. Sinus squeeze represents the second most prevalent disorder in scuba divers after ear barotrauma. The pathophysiology involves pressure differentials that disrupt sinus function and result in mucosal damage. Preventative strategies focus on ensuring proper sinus ventilation and pressure equalization during altitude changes. Effective management includes addressing underlying sinus obstruction, pain control, and the prevention of complications. The interprofessional healthcare team plays a critical role in diagnosing, treating, and educating patients to reduce the risk of recurrence.
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Relevant across 8 specialties.
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