Subconjunctival hemorrhage (SCH) is a common ocular condition defined by extravasation of blood beneath the conjunctiva, producing a sharply demarcated red patch on the scleral surface. The condition is usually painless, does not impair vision, and often resolves spontaneously within 1 to 2 weeks, making it a frequent but benign cause of ocular redness. Possible etiologies include trauma, Valsalva maneuvers, ocular surgery, and local conjunctival vessel fragility. Systemic factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coagulopathies, and use of anticoagulant or antiplatelet medications increase risk. SCH results from rupture of small conjunctival vessels, often triggered by transient increases in venous pressure or compromised vascular integrity. Patients typically present with sudden-onset ocular redness discovered incidentally or following minor strain, without associated pain, discharge, or vision changes. Diagnosis is clinical, based on characteristic appearance and absence of other ocular pathology, although recurrent or unexplained episodes warrant evaluation for systemic disease. Management is conservative, focusing on reassurance and addressing underlying risk factors. Artificial tears may be offered for mild irritation. Complications are rare, but recurrent hemorrhages may indicate unrecognized systemic hypertension, bleeding disorders, or medication effects. Prognosis is excellent, with complete resolution in most patients. This activity for healthcare professionals is designed to improve learners’ competence in evaluating and managing SCH. Participants will broaden their grasp of the condition’s etiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, systemic associations, and evidence-based treatment strategies. Enhanced skills in recognition and management foster interprofessional collaboration, enabling healthcare team members to provide coordinated care for affected individuals.
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